Südamekambrid

Südamekambrid, the chambers of the heart, are the four distinct cavities within the heart responsible for receiving and pumping blood. In humans and other mammals, these chambers are divided into two atria and two ventricles. The atria, the upper chambers, are smaller and thinner-walled, serving as receiving areas for blood returning to the heart. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, while the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

The ventricles, the lower chambers, are larger and more muscular, responsible for pumping blood out of the heart. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The chambers are separated by muscular walls called septa. The interatrial septum divides the two atria, and the interventricular septum separates the two ventricles.

Valves play a crucial role in directing blood flow through the heart chambers and preventing backflow. The atrioventricular valves, the tricuspid valve (between the right atrium and right ventricle) and the mitral valve (between the left atrium and left ventricle), open to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. The semilunar valves, the pulmonary valve (between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery) and the aortic valve (between the left ventricle and aorta), open to allow blood to be pumped out of the ventricles. The coordinated contraction and relaxation of these chambers, guided by the valves, create the continuous circulation of blood throughout the body, essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products.