Sähköneristys

Sähköneristys refers to the property of a material to resist the flow of electric current. Materials with high electrical resistivity are called insulators. In contrast, materials that conduct electricity easily are called conductors. The effectiveness of an electrical insulator is measured by its dielectric strength, which is the maximum electric field it can withstand before breaking down and allowing current to flow.

Common electrical insulators include materials like rubber, plastic, glass, porcelain, and air. These materials are used in a wide variety of applications to prevent electrical hazards, such as in the coating of electrical wires, in the casings of electrical appliances, and in high-voltage equipment to prevent arcing. The choice of insulator depends on the specific application, including the voltage levels involved, temperature, and environmental conditions.

The principle of electrical insulation is fundamental to the safe and efficient operation of electrical systems. Without effective insulation, electricity would flow uncontrollably, leading to short circuits, fires, and electric shock. Insulators work by having tightly bound electrons that are not free to move and carry charge. Conductors, on the other hand, have loosely bound electrons that can easily move when an electric field is applied.