Sähköelektrodia

Sähköelektrodia, commonly referred to as an electrode in English, is a conductor through which electric current enters or leaves a non-metallic part of a circuit. In its simplest form, an electrode is a piece of conductive material, such as metal or graphite, that facilitates the flow of electricity between different mediums. These mediums can include a solid electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, a vacuum, or even another conductor.

Electrodes are fundamental components in a vast array of electrical and electrochemical devices. In batteries, they serve as the terminals where the chemical reactions occur, producing electrical energy. One electrode acts as the anode, where oxidation takes place, and the other as the cathode, where reduction occurs. In electrolysis, electrodes are used to pass an electric current through a substance to cause a chemical change. For instance, in electroplating, electrodes are employed to deposit a thin layer of metal onto another object.

The functionality of an electrode is highly dependent on the material it is made from and its surface properties. Different applications require specific electrode materials to optimize conductivity, chemical stability, and reactivity. For example, platinum is often used in highly corrosive environments due to its resistance to oxidation, while carbon electrodes are common in arc welding and industrial processes. The design and configuration of electrodes also vary widely, from simple rods and plates to complex mesh structures, all tailored to the specific demands of the application.