Rückkopplungsresonanzen

Rückkopplungsregelung, commonly known as feedback control, is a fundamental concept in engineering and systems theory. It describes a process where a system's output is measured and then fed back as input to influence and regulate the system's behavior. This feedback loop allows a system to maintain a desired state or trajectory despite disturbances or variations.

The core components of a feedback control system include a sensor to measure the output, a controller that processes the measured output and compares it to a reference signal (the desired output), and an actuator that modifies the system's input based on the controller's instructions. For example, in a thermostat controlling room temperature, the sensor measures the current temperature, the controller compares it to the set temperature, and the actuator (the furnace or air conditioner) is turned on or off accordingly.

There are two primary types of feedback: negative feedback and positive feedback. Negative feedback aims to counteract deviations from the desired state, promoting stability and accuracy. This is the most common type used in control systems to maintain equilibrium. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies deviations, leading to exponential growth or rapid change, and is typically used in applications like oscillators or in biological processes where rapid amplification is needed. The effectiveness of a feedback control system is often assessed by its stability, responsiveness, and robustness to external influences.