Ródmózgowe

Ródmózgowe is a term used in some contexts to refer to the rhombencephalon, which is the hindbrain. The hindbrain develops from the posterior part of the neural tube in the developing embryo. It is one of the three primary divisions of the brain, alongside the forebrain (prosencephalon) and the midbrain (mesencephalon).

The rhombencephalon further differentiates into two main structures: the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The metencephalon gives rise to the pons and the cerebellum. The pons is a major relay center for signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, and it also plays a role in regulating breathing, sleep cycles, and sensory information. The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

The myelencephalon develops into the medulla oblongata, also known as the brainstem. The medulla oblongata controls essential autonomic functions of the body, including breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and reflexes like vomiting and sneezing. It also serves as a pathway for nerve fibers connecting the brain and the spinal cord. Together, the pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, originating from the rhombencephalon, are crucial for basic life functions and motor control.