Rusíns

Rusíns, or Rusyns, are an East Slavic ethnic group native to the Carpathian region of Central Europe. Their historic homeland includes parts of present-day Ukraine (notably Zakarpattia), Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Serbia, with smaller communities in surrounding areas. In older sources they are often called Ruthenians. Rusyns share a sense of common language and culture, though regional identities remain strong.

Language: Rusyn is an East Slavic language with several dialects and varieties, such as Carpathian Rusyn and Pannonian Rusyn. Its status varies by country; in some places it is taught in schools and used in media, in others primarily spoken within communities. The question of whether Rusyn constitutes a distinct language or a Ukrainian dialect is debated among linguists and authorities.

Religion and culture: Most Rusyns follow Eastern Christian traditions—Eastern Catholic (Greek Catholic) and Eastern Orthodox are common, with smaller groups of Lutherans and others among diasporas. Cultural life features distinctive folk music, crafts, and wooden church architecture. Traditional attire and festive customs reflect Carpathian mountain heritage and regional history, as well as influences from neighboring peoples.

History and identity: The Rusyns trace roots to medieval Ruthenian lands in the wider Kievan Rus sphere. In the 20th century their homeland changed hands several times, becoming part of Czechoslovakia and later Ukraine after World War II. Throughout the era, Rusyn cultural revival movements and political groups sought recognition of Rusyn distinct nationality and cultural rights.

Diaspora: Significant Rusyn communities formed abroad through emigration to North America and parts of Europe in the late 19th and 20th centuries, contributing to Rusyn literature, media, and cultural life worldwide.