Rouge

Rouge is a term with several related senses in English and French. In cosmetics, rouge refers to a cosmetic product used to color the cheeks, and occasionally the lips. The term is borrowed from the French word rouge meaning red, which itself comes from the Latin ruber. In makeup, rouge takes the form of powders, creams, or gels and is typically applied to the apples of the cheeks with a brush or finger, then blended for a natural flush. Colors range from pale pink to deep rose and red.

In color usage, rouge describes a red or reddish hue akin to the French color term; in fashion and design, it denotes warm, vibrant reds with pink undertones. The term is also used in historical and literary contexts to describe makeup or a signature reddish glow.

Historically, rouge has been used since ancient times and more prominently in Europe from the Renaissance onward. Early rouges were made from crushed minerals and organics; some 17th–18th century formulations contained hazardous pigments, including lead-based compounds and vermilion. Modern cosmetics use regulated, skin-safe pigments and standardized labeling to indicate colorants and ingredients.