Rotorendynamik

Rotorendynamik, often translated as rotor dynamics, is a field of engineering that deals with the vibrational behavior and stability of rotating machinery. It encompasses the study of how the mass, stiffness, and damping characteristics of a rotor, along with its bearings and surrounding structure, influence its dynamic response. A primary concern in rotordynamics is understanding and mitigating the phenomena that can lead to rotor instability and catastrophic failure.

Key phenomena studied include critical speeds, which are the rotational speeds at which a rotor's natural frequencies align with the rotation speed, potentially leading to excessive vibrations. Another critical aspect is rotor imbalance, where uneven mass distribution causes centrifugal forces that excite vibrations. Various types of instabilities can arise, such as self-excited vibrations, which occur when the rotor's motion itself generates forces that further amplify the vibration.

The analysis of rotordynamics typically involves mathematical modeling using techniques like finite element analysis. This allows engineers to predict critical speeds, mode shapes, and the stability limits of the rotor system. Experimental modal analysis is also crucial for validating these models and understanding the actual behavior of a rotating machine. Understanding and controlling rotordynamic behavior is essential for the reliable operation of turbomachinery, turbines, generators, pumps, and other high-speed rotating equipment.