Rikkivety

Rikkivety, the Finnish term for hydrogen sulfide (H2S), designates a colorless, flammable gas with the characteristic odor of rotten eggs at low concentrations. H2S is a weak diprotic acid that dissolves in water to form hydrosulfide (HS-) and sulfide (S2-). Its standard boiling point is −60.7 °C, so it is a gas at room temperature, and it is notably denser than air, which can lead to accumulation in poorly ventilated spaces.

Occurrence and production: H2S occurs in nature in volcanic gases, hot springs, and flatulent organic matter; it is also produced by anaerobic digestion and is a byproduct of petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and metal sulfide ore processing.

Industrial relevance: Industrially, H2S is primarily encountered as an intermediate in sulfur recovery processes, notably the Claus process, which converts H2S to elemental sulfur. In laboratories, it is used for qualitative analysis to precipitate metal sulfides (for example, PbS, CdS).

Safety and handling: H2S is highly toxic and poses serious health risks upon inhalation, causing irritation, dizziness, loss of consciousness, or death at high concentrations. It is also highly flammable and can cause respiratory paralysis. At low concentrations, the odor can be detected, but olfactory fatigue can occur. Remote monitoring, adequate ventilation, gas detectors, and appropriate personal protective equipment are essential.

Name and language note: rikkivety is the Finnish name; in English, the compound is hydrogen sulfide (H2S).