RibonukleotidReduktase

RibonukleotidReduktase (RNR) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of ribonucleotides, particularly in the context of nucleotide salvage and DNA repair. It is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family and is involved in the reduction of oxidized ribonucleotides to their active forms.

The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of oxidized ribonucleotides, such as 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate (dGMP) and 2'-deoxyinosine 5'-monophosphate (dIMP), to their reduced forms, dGMP and dIMP, respectively. This process is essential for maintaining the integrity of DNA and RNA, as oxidized ribonucleotides can cause DNA damage and impair cellular functions.

RNR is particularly important in the context of DNA repair, where it helps to reverse the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also plays a role in nucleotide salvage, where it recycles oxidized ribonucleotides back into the active nucleotide pool, thereby conserving cellular resources.

The enzyme is widely distributed in various organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. In humans, RNR is encoded by the RRM2 gene, which is located on chromosome 1. Mutations in this gene have been linked to several genetic disorders, including Fanconi anemia and dyskeratosis congenita, which are characterized by defects in DNA repair and premature aging.

Research on RibonukleotidReduktase continues to uncover new insights into its biological functions and potential therapeutic applications. Understanding the mechanisms by which RNR regulates DNA repair and nucleotide metabolism may lead to the development of novel strategies for treating genetic disorders and cancer.