Retikulaarijärjestelmä

Retikulaarijärjestelmä, often translated as the reticular system, is a complex network of neurons within the brainstem. It is not a single anatomical structure but rather a diffuse network of cells and fibers extending throughout the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The primary role of the reticular system is to regulate arousal, consciousness, and sleep-wake cycles. It receives input from sensory pathways and projects to widespread areas of the cerebral cortex, influencing alertness and attention.

Damage to the reticular system can have severe consequences, often leading to coma or other disorders of consciousness. Its functions extend beyond arousal, however. The reticular system also plays a role in motor control, modulating muscle tone and coordinating reflexes. Furthermore, it is involved in pain modulation, filtering out or amplifying painful stimuli. Another key function is its involvement in autonomic nervous system regulation, influencing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. The reticular system's interconnectedness with various brain regions highlights its central role in maintaining homeostasis and mediating responses to internal and external stimuli.