Replikationszentren

Replikationszentren, often referred to as replication origins or origins of replication, are specific DNA sequences where the process of DNA replication begins. In prokaryotic organisms like bacteria, there is typically a single origin of replication on their circular chromosome. Eukaryotic chromosomes, being much larger and linear, possess multiple replication origins to ensure that the entire genome can be replicated efficiently within the timeframe of a cell cycle.

These sequences are recognized and bound by initiator proteins, which are crucial for unwinding the DNA double helix and recruiting other enzymes involved in replication, such as DNA helicase and DNA polymerase. The binding of initiator proteins triggers the formation of a replication bubble, a localized region where the DNA strands are separated. DNA polymerase then synthesizes new DNA strands complementary to the parental strands, moving bidirectionally from the origin. The precise identification and regulation of replication origins are vital for maintaining genomic stability and ensuring accurate duplication of genetic material during cell division.