Relativitáselméleti

Relativitáselméleti translates to "Relativistic Theory" in English. It refers to the scientific theories developed by Albert Einstein that describe the relationship between space, time, gravity, and motion. These theories are broadly divided into two parts: special relativity and general relativity.

Special relativity, published in 1905, deals with the laws of physics in the absence of gravity. Its fundamental postulates are that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers and that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers, regardless of their motion or the motion of the light source. This theory led to groundbreaking concepts such as time dilation, length contraction, and the equivalence of mass and energy, famously expressed by the equation E=mc².

General relativity, published in 1915, extends special relativity to include gravity. It proposes that gravity is not a force in the traditional sense, but rather a curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. Massive objects warp the fabric of spacetime around them, and this curvature dictates how other objects move. General relativity has been experimentally verified through observations such as the bending of starlight by the Sun and the precise orbits of planets. Both theories have had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe, from the subatomic to the cosmological scale, and are cornerstones of modern physics.