Rekombináció

Rekombináció is a biological process that creates new combinations of alleles on a chromosome. This occurs during meiosis, specifically in prophase I, through a process called crossing over. Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their DNA. This exchange shuffles the genetic material, leading to offspring that inherit a mix of traits from both parents.

There are two main types of genetic recombination. The first is homologous recombination, which is the crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The second is non-homologous recombination, which occurs between DNA sequences that do not share significant similarity. This type is often associated with transposition and can lead to chromosomal rearrangements.

The significance of rekombináció lies in its role in generating genetic diversity within a population. This diversity is crucial for adaptation and evolution, as it provides a broader range of variations for natural selection to act upon. Without recombination, offspring would be genetically identical to their parents, limiting the potential for adaptation to changing environments. Understanding rekombináció is fundamental to genetics, evolutionary biology, and breeding programs.