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Refutadas

Refutadas is the feminine plural past participle form of the Portuguese verb refutar. It functions as an adjective or as part of a passive voice construction to indicate that a claim, hypothesis, theory, or piece of evidence has been challenged, disproved, or rejected. When used as an adjective, refutadas agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies, as in teorias refutadas or evidências refutadas.

Etymology and usage notes: Refutar derives from Latin refūtāre, meaning to push back or repel. The participle

Grammatical notes: In sentences using the passive voice with ser or estar, refutada(s) appears as the predicate,

Synonyms and contrasts: Common synonyms include contestadas and questionadas, while antonyms include aceitas, confirmadas, or comprovadas.

See also: refutar, refutação.

refutadas
thus
carries
the
sense
of
something
that
has
been
pushed
back
or
countered
and
is
no
longer
accepted
as
valid
in
the
current
context.
It
is
commonly
used
in
scientific,
academic,
legal,
and
public
discourse
to
describe
ideas
or
data
that
have
not
withstood
scrutiny.
e.g.,
as
ideias
foram
refutadas,
as
hipóteses
refutadas.
As
an
attributive
adjective,
it
typically
precedes
or
follows
the
noun
it
describes,
depending
on
emphasis
and
style:
hipóteses
refutadas,
evidências
refutadas.
The
choice
of
term
depends
on
degree
of
acceptance
and
the
strength
of
the
refutation.