Reflektionseffekten

Reflektionseffekten, also known as the reflection effect, is a concept in cognitive psychology that describes the tendency for individuals to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses, regardless of whether that information is true. This phenomenon can lead to biased decision-making and a resistance to changing one's mind even when presented with contradictory evidence.

The reflection effect is closely related to confirmation bias, where people actively seek out information that supports their views. However, the reflection effect also encompasses the passive reception of information, where even when presented with neutral or ambiguous data, individuals may interpret it in a way that aligns with their pre-existing notions. This can occur because people are more likely to notice, remember, and give weight to information that fits their current mental models.

Understanding the reflection effect is crucial in various fields, including education, science, and law. In education, it can hinder students from acquiring new knowledge if they are unwilling to consider perspectives that challenge their current understanding. In scientific research, it can lead to flawed conclusions if researchers unconsciously favor data that supports their initial hypotheses. In legal settings, it can influence jury decisions if jurors are more inclined to believe evidence that confirms their initial impressions of a defendant.

Strategies to mitigate the reflection effect include consciously seeking out diverse perspectives, actively considering counterarguments, and engaging in critical thinking that questions one's own assumptions. By being aware of this cognitive bias, individuals can work towards more objective evaluation of information and more informed decision-making.