Referenzkugel

Referenzkugel is a German term that translates to "reference sphere" or "calibration sphere." It is a highly precise spherical object used in various metrology and calibration applications. These spheres are manufactured to extremely tight tolerances, ensuring their shape is as close to a perfect sphere as possible. The surface finish is also critical, often being polished to a very smooth and consistent quality.

Referenzkugels are primarily employed to calibrate measuring instruments and systems. For instance, in coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), a referenzkugel can be used to determine the accuracy and precision of the machine's probing system. By measuring the sphere from multiple points, the CMM can assess its deviations from a known, perfect geometry. This allows for the correction of systematic errors and the assessment of random errors.

Beyond CMMs, referenzkugels find use in the calibration of optical measurement devices, laser scanners, and other equipment that relies on accurate spatial measurements. The consistent and well-defined geometry of the referenzkugel provides a reliable standard against which the performance of these instruments can be evaluated. The materials used for referenzkugels can vary, but they are typically chosen for their stability, hardness, and resistance to wear, such as ceramics or hardened steels. Their precise dimensions are usually certified, making them traceable to national or international standards.