Receptortransferrin

Receptortransferrin, also known as transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC), is a protein that plays a crucial role in the transport of iron within the body. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on the surface of cells, particularly those involved in iron uptake and storage, such as erythroid cells, macrophages, and hepatocytes. The receptor binds to transferrin, a plasma protein that transports iron, and facilitates the internalization of iron into cells.

The TFRC protein consists of two extracellular domains, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domains contain the iron-binding sites that interact with transferrin. Upon binding to transferrin, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that triggers its internalization via endocytosis. The receptor is then recycled back to the cell surface, ready to bind more transferrin.

Mutations in the TFRC gene can lead to iron overload disorders, such as hereditary hemochromatosis, which is characterized by excessive iron accumulation in tissues and organs. Conversely, defects in TFRC can result in iron deficiency anemia, where there is insufficient iron available for erythropoiesis.

Receptortransferrin is also a target for therapeutic interventions in conditions involving iron dysregulation, such as anemia, inflammation, and cancer. Modulating the activity of TFRC can help regulate iron homeostasis and potentially improve outcomes in these conditions.