Ravimresistentset

Ravimresistentset, or antibiotic resistance, refers to the ability of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites to survive exposure to medications designed to kill them or inhibit their growth. This phenomenon occurs when microorganisms develop genetic mutations or acquire new genetic material that protects them from the effects of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitic drugs. Over time, repeated exposure to these agents can accelerate the emergence of resistant strains, posing significant challenges to public health.

The primary cause of antibiotic resistance is the overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents in human medicine, veterinary practices, and agriculture. Excessive prescription of antibiotics for minor infections, incomplete treatment courses, and the use of antibiotics in livestock feed to promote growth contribute to the spread of resistance. Additionally, poor infection control practices in healthcare settings facilitate the transmission of resistant bacteria between patients.

Resistant infections are harder to treat, often requiring stronger or more expensive medications, longer hospital stays, and in severe cases, leading to increased mortality. Common examples include methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified antibiotic resistance as one of the top ten global public health threats, emphasizing the urgent need for global surveillance, responsible prescribing practices, and the development of new antimicrobial agents.

Preventing the spread of resistance involves measures such as adhering to prescribed antibiotic regimens, improving hygiene practices, implementing infection control protocols in healthcare facilities, and promoting research into alternative treatments like phage therapy or novel antibiotics. Public awareness campaigns also play a crucial role in reducing unnecessary antibiotic use. International cooperation is essential to monitor resistance trends, share data, and coordinate strategies to combat this growing challenge.