Rautasuolat

Rautasuolat, or iron salts, are a broad class of chemical compounds that contain iron in the oxidation states +2 (ferrous) or +3 (ferric) joined to various anions. They range from simple inorganic salts to more complex coordination compounds and chelates. The properties of iron salts depend on the iron oxidation state, the counter‑anion, and the degree of hydration.

Common iron(II) salts include ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous chloride (FeCl2), and ferrous gluconate. Common iron(III) salts include ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3). Many iron salts are soluble in water to varying extents, while others are sparingly soluble. Iron(II) salts tend to be more easily oxidized in air, converting to iron(III) salts, which can affect stability and color.

Natural occurrence of iron salts is represented by minerals and ores that yield iron ions upon dissolution or processing, as well as by hydrated salts produced industrially. They are used in a range of applications due to their chemical reactivity and biological relevance.

Applications include:

- Medical and dietary: iron(II) salts such as ferrous sulfate are used as oral iron supplements to treat iron deficiency anemia.

- Water treatment and chemistry: ferric chloride and ferric sulfate act as coagulants to remove suspended solids; ferrous salts are used in various redox and precipitation processes.

- Textile and dyeing: iron salts are used as mordants to improve dye fixation andalter color properties.

- Catalysis and lab reagents: iron salts serve as catalysts or reagents in various chemical syntheses.

Safety considerations are important: iron salts can cause gastrointestinal irritation or toxicity in high doses; handling should follow proper laboratory or industrial hygiene practices to prevent ingestion, inhalation, or contact with skin and eyes.