mordants

Mordants are substances used in dyeing and printing processes to improve the affinity of dyes for fabrics. They are typically metal salts or other compounds that form complexes with dyes, enhancing their ability to adhere to the fiber. Common mordants include alum, iron, copper, and chromium salts. The choice of mordant depends on the type of fiber and the desired color. For example, alum is often used with wool and silk, while iron mordants are suitable for cotton. Mordants also play a role in the fastness of the dye, affecting how well the color resists fading, washing, and other forms of wear. The use of mordants has been a fundamental aspect of textile dyeing since ancient times, with historical evidence of their use in various cultures. Modern applications continue to rely on mordants to achieve vibrant and durable colors in textiles and other materials.