Rasvasoluina

Rasvasoluina, also known as adipocytes, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue. Their main function is to store energy in the form of fat, or triglycerides. These cells are derived from mesenchymal stem cells called preadipocytes. As preadipocytes mature, they accumulate lipid droplets and differentiate into functional adipocytes.

Adipocytes are roughly spherical in shape and are characterized by a large lipid droplet that can occupy up to 95% of the cell's volume, pushing the nucleus and cytoplasm to the periphery. While historically viewed as inert storage depots, research has revealed that adipocytes are metabolically active and play a crucial role in regulating systemic energy balance and metabolism. They secrete various hormones and signaling molecules, collectively known as adipokines, which influence appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and energy expenditure.

There are two main types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. White adipose tissue is the predominant type and serves as the primary energy reserve. Brown adipose tissue, found in smaller amounts, is specialized for thermogenesis, the process of generating heat, particularly important in infants and hibernating animals. The number of adipocytes is largely determined during childhood and adolescence, while their size can expand or contract significantly in adulthood based on energy balance. Changes in adipocyte size and number are implicated in metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.