Raskasöljyjä

Raskasöljyjä, also known as heavy fuel oil (HFO) or bunker fuel, are viscous petroleum products derived from crude oil distillation. They are the least refined fractions, meaning they contain the heaviest and highest molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds. Due to their high viscosity and low volatility, raskasöljyjä are primarily used as fuel for large industrial furnaces, boilers, and ships. Their lower cost compared to lighter fuels makes them an economically attractive option for these applications.

The composition of raskasöljyjä can vary significantly depending on the crude oil source and the refining process. They typically have a high sulfur content, which has led to environmental concerns and the implementation of regulations to limit emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2). Modern regulations, such as those set by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), have introduced stricter limits on sulfur content in marine fuels, driving a shift towards lower-sulfur raskasöljyjä or alternative fuels.

The storage and handling of raskasöljyjä require specialized equipment due to their viscosity and potential for sludge formation. They often need to be heated to reduce viscosity before being pumped and burned. Despite environmental challenges, raskasöljyjä remain a significant fuel source in certain sectors due to their energy density and cost-effectiveness. Research and development continue to focus on improving combustion efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of their use.