Randwissenschaften

Randwissenschaften is a German term that translates to "fringe sciences" or "border sciences." It refers to fields of study that are on the periphery of established academic disciplines or are considered speculative, unproven, or lacking sufficient empirical evidence. These areas often explore phenomena or concepts that are not yet widely accepted by mainstream science, or they may draw upon methodologies or theories that are outside the current scientific consensus.

The designation of a field as a Randwissenschaft can be fluid and context-dependent. What is considered a fringe science at one point in time may later become integrated into a recognized discipline if it develops robust theoretical frameworks and verifiable evidence. Conversely, some areas may remain on the fringes indefinitely due to a lack of progress or acceptance. Examples of topics that have historically been, or continue to be, discussed in relation to Randwissenschaften include parapsychology, cryptozoology, and certain aspects of ufology. The term is not inherently pejorative, but it does indicate a deviation from established scientific norms and practices.