Ramanspektroskissa

Ramanspektroskissa, also known as Raman spectroscopy, is an analytical technique used to identify molecular structures and compositions. It relies on the Raman effect, a phenomenon where light interacts with a material and undergoes inelastic scattering. When photons of incident light collide with molecules, most of the light is scattered elastically, retaining its original wavelength (Rayleigh scattering). However, a small fraction of the light interacts with molecular vibrations, losing or gaining energy in the process. This energy exchange causes the scattered photons to shift to different wavelengths, creating a Raman spectrum.

The Raman spectrum is unique to each molecule and serves as its "fingerprint." By analyzing the positions and intensities of the peaks in the spectrum, scientists can determine the types of chemical bonds present, the functional groups within a molecule, and even its crystalline structure. The technique is non-destructive, meaning the sample is not altered or consumed during the measurement. It can be performed on a wide range of samples, including solids, liquids, and gases, and requires minimal sample preparation.

Raman spectroscopy has diverse applications across various scientific fields. It is used in chemistry for molecular identification and analysis, in materials science for characterizing polymers and semiconductors, in biology and medicine for studying cells and tissues, and in art conservation for analyzing pigments and historical artifacts. Its ability to provide detailed structural information non-destructively makes it a valuable tool for research and quality control.