Rad51B

Rad51B is a protein encoded by the RAD51B gene in humans. It is a member of the RAD51 family, which is involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair processes. Rad51B plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability by facilitating the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA, a process essential for proper cell division and prevention of mutations.

The RAD51B protein interacts with other members of the RAD51 family, including RAD51 itself, and forms complexes that promote homologous recombination. It is thought to function as a mediator, assisting in the stabilization of the Rad51 nucleoprotein filament on DNA, thereby enhancing the efficiency of strand invasion during repair.

Mutations or deficiencies in RAD51B have been associated with increased genomic instability and heightened sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, which may contribute to carcinogenesis. Studies suggest that RAD51B may act as a tumor suppressor gene, with altered expression observed in various cancer types.

Rad51B is expressed in many normal tissues and is particularly active during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, corresponding to periods of DNA replication and repair. Its activity is tightly regulated to ensure proper DNA repair and cell cycle progression.

Research continues to explore Rad51B's specific functions and interactions, aiming to better understand its role in DNA repair mechanisms and its potential implications in cancer development and therapy.