RX1R

RX1R is a protein that functions as a receptor for the neurotransmitter glutamate. It is a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, which includes other receptors such as AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptors. RX1R is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the hippocampus and cortex, where it plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and learning.

RX1R is a heteromeric receptor, meaning it requires the presence of other subunits to form a functional receptor. The most common heteromer is RX1R combined with RX2R, which forms the RX1/2R receptor. This receptor is permeable to calcium ions and is involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. RX1R is also involved in the modulation of other ionotropic glutamate receptors, such as AMPA and NMDA receptors.

RX1R is a target for various drugs and toxins, including certain anesthetics and neurotoxins. For example, the anesthetic ketamine acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the RX1/2R receptor, enhancing its activity. Similarly, the neurotoxin α-latrotoxin binds to RX1R, leading to calcium influx and neuronal death.

RX1R is also a target for research into neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. Dysregulation of RX1R activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of these conditions, and modulation of RX1R activity may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. However, further research is needed to fully understand the role of RX1R in these disorders and to develop effective treatments.