Rälsförband

Rälsförband, often translated as rail joint or joint bar, are mechanical fasteners used to join two sections of railway track together. They are essential components in ensuring the continuous integrity and smooth passage of trains over the railway network. Typically, a rälsförband consists of two pieces of steel, shaped to fit the profile of the rail head and web. These pieces are placed on opposing sides of the rail ends and are secured in place by bolts, usually four or six per joint.

The primary function of a rälsförband is to provide mechanical strength and continuity to the rail, allowing it to act as a single, unbroken element over the length of the track. This continuity is crucial for distributing the load of passing trains and preventing excessive stress concentrations at the rail ends. Historically, these joints were a significant source of wear and tear, as the gaps between rail ends would allow for impact and vibration.

Modern railway construction often employs continuously welded rail (CWR), which eliminates most traditional rail joints. However, rälsförband remain necessary in specific situations, such as at the ends of CWR sections, in areas where expansion and contraction of the rail due to temperature changes need to be accommodated (expansion joints), or in railway yards and sidings where the use of CWR may be less practical. The design and maintenance of rälsförband are critical for railway safety and operational efficiency.