Qayyim

Qayyim, plural Quyyūm (Arabic: قَيِّم), refers to the plural form of the Arabic term "qayim," which translates to "guardian" or "supervisor." In Islamic tradition, the concept of qayyim is significant in various contexts, particularly within the framework of Sharia law and religious governance.

In Islamic jurisprudence, a qayim is often associated with the role of a guardian or administrator, especially in matters concerning minors, mentally incapacitated individuals, or properties. For instance, a qayyim may be appointed to oversee the affairs of an orphan or an individual under legal guardianship, ensuring their rights and interests are protected. This role is rooted in the Quranic verse (Quran 4:5), which mandates that guardians must act justly in managing the affairs of those under their care.

The concept also extends to the governance of mosques and religious institutions, where a qayim may serve as an administrator responsible for maintaining the building, organizing prayers, and ensuring the proper functioning of the community space. In some traditions, qayyim are tasked with enforcing religious principles and upholding the moral and spiritual well-being of the congregation.

Historically, the term has been used in various Islamic legal systems, including those of the Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Hanafi schools of thought, though interpretations and applications of the role may vary slightly among them. The qayim’s duties often emphasize fairness, accountability, and adherence to Islamic principles in all decision-making processes.

Beyond legal and institutional contexts, the term carries broader implications of responsibility and stewardship within Muslim communities, reflecting the broader Islamic ethos of care and protection for vulnerable members of society.