Põlveliigeste

Põlveliigeste, or knee joints, are complex hinge joints that connect the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). They are the largest joints in the human body and are crucial for weight-bearing, locomotion, and stability. The knee joint is composed of three bones: the femur, the tibia, and the patella (kneecap), which glides in a groove on the front of the femur.

The joint is surrounded by a capsule and lubricated by synovial fluid, which reduces friction. The ends of the bones are covered with articular cartilage, a smooth tissue that absorbs shock and allows for effortless movement. Several ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments, provide stability by connecting the femur to the tibia and preventing excessive forward, backward, or sideways movement.

The muscles surrounding the knee, primarily the quadriceps on the front of the thigh and the hamstrings on the back, act as dynamic stabilizers and are responsible for extending and flexing the leg. The menisci, C-shaped pieces of cartilage located between the femur and tibia, act as shock absorbers and help to distribute weight evenly across the joint.

Põlveliigeste are susceptible to various injuries and conditions, including osteoarthritis, ligament tears (such as ACL tears), meniscus tears, and bursitis. These conditions can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility, often requiring medical attention, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery. Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and proper technique during physical activities can help to protect knee joint health.