Põhikivisid

Põhikivisid, also known as foundation stones, are the lowest courses of a masonry structure, typically laid on compacted natural subsoil or a layer of hardcore. They serve as the primary load-bearing element of the building, distributing the weight of the superstructure to the underlying soil. The term "põhikivisid" translates to "foundation stones" in Estonian.

The design and construction of põhikivisid are crucial for the stability and longevity of a building. They are usually laid in regular patterns, such as stretcher bonds or header bonds, to ensure even distribution of loads. The stones are often larger and more robust than those used in the upper courses, as they must withstand significant compressive forces.

The choice of material for põhikivisid is also important. Granite, limestone, and sandstone are commonly used due to their durability and resistance to weathering. In some cases, concrete or other synthetic materials may be used, particularly in modern construction.

The construction of põhikivisid typically involves several steps. First, the site is prepared by removing any vegetation and leveling the ground. Next, a layer of hardcore is laid and compacted to provide a stable base. The foundation stones are then laid on this base, and the superstructure is constructed on top.

Põhikivisid play a vital role in the overall design and construction of a building. Their proper installation is essential for the structural integrity and safety of the entire structure. In some cases, additional reinforcement, such as steel beams or columns, may be incorporated to enhance the stability of the foundation.