Pószttranszlációs
Pószttranszláció, often shortened to PTM, refers to the set of chemical modifications that occur to a protein after its synthesis in the ribosome. This process is crucial for regulating a vast array of cellular functions. While translation produces the polypeptide chain, post-translational modifications fine-tune the protein's structure, activity, localization, and interactions with other molecules. These modifications are highly diverse and can include the addition of functional groups like phosphates, sugars, or lipids, as well as the cleavage of peptide bonds or the formation of disulfide bridges.
The types of PTMs are numerous, with phosphorylation being one of the most common and extensively studied.
PTMs are dynamic and reversible in many cases, allowing cells to rapidly respond to internal and external