Päikesepatareideks

Päikesepatareideks, commonly known as solar cells or photovoltaic cells, are semiconductor devices that convert light energy directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The fundamental principle behind their operation involves the interaction of photons from sunlight with the semiconductor material, typically silicon. When photons strike the solar cell, they excite electrons within the material, creating electron-hole pairs. An internal electric field within the cell then separates these charge carriers, with electrons flowing to one electrode and holes to another, generating a direct current (DC) electricity flow.

These cells are usually assembled into larger units called solar modules or solar panels, which can then be connected to form solar arrays. Solar panels are the building blocks of solar power systems, which can range from small rooftop installations for residential use to large-scale solar farms that supply electricity to the grid. The electricity generated by solar panels can be used directly, stored in batteries for later use, or converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter for compatibility with most electrical appliances and the power grid.

The efficiency of solar cells, meaning the percentage of sunlight they can convert into electricity, has steadily improved over the years due to advancements in materials science and manufacturing techniques. Factors influencing performance include the type of semiconductor material, cell design, temperature, and the intensity and spectrum of incident sunlight. Solar technology is a key component of renewable energy strategies aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change, offering a clean and sustainable source of power.