Pyroelektrinen

Pyroelektrinen refers to a material that generates an electric charge when heated or cooled. This phenomenon, known as the pyroelectric effect, is a result of a change in the material's internal electric polarization. In pyroelectric materials, the crystal structure is asymmetric, leading to a spontaneous electric dipole moment. When the temperature of the material changes, this dipole moment also changes, either expanding or contracting. This change in polarization creates a displacement of electric charge on the material's surface, resulting in a measurable voltage.

The pyroelectric effect is a property of certain crystalline solids that lack a center of symmetry. Materials like tourmaline, lithium tantalate, and some ceramics exhibit this effect. The magnitude of the pyroelectric charge generated depends on the material's pyroelectric coefficient, its size, and the extent of the temperature change. While the generated voltage can be significant, the total charge is typically small. Pyroelectric devices are often used as sensors for detecting infrared radiation, as they can respond to temperature fluctuations caused by absorbed radiation. Applications include motion detectors, thermal imaging, and non-contact thermometers. The pyroelectric effect is distinct from the piezoelectric effect, though both involve the generation of electric charge in response to mechanical stress, and many pyroelectric materials are also piezoelectric.