Purustanud

Purustanud is the past active participle of the Estonian verb "purustama," which translates to "to crush," "to break," "to smash," or "to shatter." As a past active participle, "purustanud" describes an action that has been completed by a subject and has an effect on the object. It can function as an adjective or as part of a compound verb tense.

When used as an adjective, "purustanud" modifies a noun, indicating that the noun has been subjected to crushing or breaking. For example, "purustanud aken" would mean "broken window." The participle agrees in number with the noun it modifies.

In its role within a compound verb tense, "purustanud" typically combines with the auxiliary verb "olema" (to be) to form the past perfect tense. This tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or a specific point in the past. For instance, "Ta oli juba purustanud pudeli" translates to "He had already broken the bottle." The form of "olema" changes according to the subject and tense, while "purustanud" remains constant. The word conveys a sense of irreversible damage or destruction.