Próteasa

Próteasa is a term used to refer to enzymes that break down proteins. These enzymes are also known as proteolytic enzymes. They function by cleaving peptide bonds, which are the chemical bonds that link amino acids together in a protein chain. This process of breaking down proteins is called proteolysis.

Próteasas are found in all living organisms, from bacteria and viruses to plants and animals. In the human body, próteasas play a vital role in many physiological processes. For example, they are essential for digestion, where they break down dietary proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be absorbed by the body. They are also involved in blood clotting, the immune response, and the repair of damaged tissues.

Different types of próteasas exist, classified based on the site at which they cleave the peptide bond. Some common examples include serine proteases, cysteine proteases, aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases, each utilizing a different catalytic mechanism.

Dysregulation of prótease activity can lead to various diseases. For instance, overactive próteasas can contribute to inflammatory conditions, cancer metastasis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Conversely, insufficient prótease activity can impair digestion or wound healing. Consequently, próteasas are also targets for drug development, with inhibitors being used to treat conditions like hypertension and HIV infection.