Protonoitumisen
Protonoitumisen is the chemical process by which a molecule or ion gains a proton (H+), typically from an acid, resulting in a new positively charged species. In aqueous solution this proton transfer is described by reactions of the form B + H+ → BH+. The extent of protonation depends on pH and the molecule’s acid dissociation constant (pKa). The Henderson–Hasselbalch relation links pH, pKa, and the ratio of protonated to deprotonated forms: pH = pKa + log([BH+]/[B]).
Protonoitumisen is central to acid–base chemistry and many biological and chemical processes. Common examples include the
Significance and applications vary with context. Protonoitumisen affects solubility, reactivity, and binding affinity in chemical synthesis,