Protokollkészlet

Protokollkészlet, often translated as "protocol suite" or "protocol stack," refers to a collection of communication protocols that work together to provide a set of networking functionalities. These protocols are organized in layers, with each layer responsible for a specific aspect of data transmission. At the bottom is the physical layer, which deals with the actual transmission of bits over a physical medium. Above it is the data link layer, responsible for error detection and correction within a local network. The network layer handles logical addressing and routing of data packets across different networks. The transport layer ensures reliable or unreliable data transfer between applications, managing segmentation and reassembly. Finally, the application layer provides services directly to user applications, such as email, web browsing, and file transfer.

The most well-known protocol suite is the Internet Protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP. This suite forms the foundation of the internet and includes protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), IP (Internet Protocol), HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Different protocol suites can exist, designed for various purposes and network environments. The layered architecture of a protocol suite allows for modularity and flexibility, meaning that individual protocols can be updated or replaced without affecting the entire system, as long as the interfaces between layers remain consistent. This standardization is crucial for interoperability between different devices and networks.