Probinsya

Probinsya is the primary political and administrative subdivision of the Philippines, serving as a layer between the regional level and local government units. It is usually composed of municipalities and component cities, and its governance centers on the provincial capital. The term probinsya is the Filipino word for province, derived from the Spanish provincia.

Each province is headed by a governor elected for a three-year term, with a provincial board called the Sangguniang Panlalawigan that enacts ordinances and approves budgets. The provincial government is responsible for development planning, large-scale public works, health services, social welfare, and economic development, coordinating with national agencies and the municipalities within its jurisdiction.

Provinces are subdivided into municipalities and component cities. Independent cities, when present, are not under provincial jurisdiction. The provincial capital typically hosts the capitol complex and the office of the governor, and serves as the administrative and economic center of the province.

Legal framework: The Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160) devolved substantial powers to provinces, municipalities, and cities, clarifying responsibilities in governance and local development. Provinces coordinate with regional offices and national agencies to implement policies and deliver services across their territorial scope.

As of 2023, the Philippines has 81 provinces. Provinces vary greatly in size, population, economy, and culture, contributing to regional diversity within the country. They function as key units of local governance, regional planning, and service delivery.