Pregler

PRegler, commonly referred to as a proportional regulator or proportional controller, is a simple linear feedback controller used in a wide range of control systems. It generates a control signal that is proportional to the instantaneous error, defined as the difference between a desired reference value and the measured process variable.

In continuous time, the regulator is described by the equation u(t) = Kp · e(t), where u(t) is the control signal, e(t) = r(t) − y(t) is the error, r(t) is the reference, y(t) is the process output, and Kp is the proportional gain. In discrete time, u[k] = Kp · e[k]. The proportional action aims to reduce error quickly by increasing the control effort as the error grows, but the response depends on the system dynamics and the chosen gain.

Key characteristics include simplicity and robustness, a fast response, and a single tuning parameter (Kp). Its main limitation is the potential for a nonzero steady-state error in the presence of constant disturbances or in systems with type 0 dynamics. It is also sensitive to measurement noise and can cause overshoot or instability if Kp is too large.

PRegler is widely used as a baseline controller in process control, motor speed regulation, temperature control, and other single-input, single-output applications. It is often employed in combination with integral or derivative actions to form PI or PID controllers, which address steady-state error and dynamic performance respectively. While powerful in its simplicity, practical use requires careful tuning of Kp to balance speed of response against stability and noise sensitivity.