Powtarzanych

Powtarzanych is a form of the Polish verb powtarzać, meaning to repeat, and functions in Polish as a participle or adjective conveying the sense of “repeated” or “recurring.” It is used to modify a noun and indicates that the described item occurs more than once or is encountered in repetition.

In practice, powtarzanych appears as a declined participle/adjective form, most commonly seen with nouns in genitive or accusative plural, where it describes multiple instances of something. For example, powtarzanych błędów means “repeated errors,” powtarzanych pytań means “repeated questions,” and powtarzanych badań means “repeated studies.” The exact case and gender endings depend on the noun it accompanies, making powtarzanych a flexible descriptor in varied sentence structures. It does not function as an independent lexical word but as a grammatical inflection of the participle powtarzany (and related forms).

Etymology and related forms: powtarzanych derives from the verb powtarzać with the adjectival/participial suffix -any, following common Polish patterns for passive participles. Related terms include powtarzanie (the act of repeating), powtarzalny (reproducible or repetitive in a general sense), and powtarzający się (recurrent or happening repeatedly).

In usage, powtarzanych is primarily found in formal, descriptive, or academic Polish, where the emphasis is on the recurrence of elements within a set, dataset, argument, or sequence. It is common in analyses, reports, and literary descriptions that discuss repetition or repetition-driven phenomena.