Pothohar

Pothohar, also spelled Potohar, is a geographic and cultural region in north-central Pakistan within the Punjab province. It comprises the Pothohar Plateau and surrounding hills and is recognized for a distinct linguistic and cultural identity within Punjab.

Geographically, the region lies north of the Indus Plain, with the western boundary formed by the Salt Range and the northern edge approaching the Himalayan foothills. It includes parts of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, and extends into the districts of Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum, and northwestern Khushab. The landscape features high plateaus, ridges, and intermontane valleys, traversed by seasonal rivers and streams.

A key distinction of Pothohar is its archaeological and historical significance. The plateau is home to important Gandhara-era sites, notably Taxila, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that preserves ruins and artifacts from early Buddhist and Hellenistic influence. The region also contains other ancient settlements and rock art, reflecting its role in historic trade routes and cultural exchange.

Culturally, Pothohar is associated with Punjabi-speaking communities, including the Pothohari dialect spoken in urban and rural areas of the region. The population is diverse, with urban centers near Islamabad and Rawalpindi alongside more rural districts in Chakwal and Jhelum.

Economically, agriculture remains a major activity, with crops such as wheat, barley, and pulses common in the drier hills and valleys. The Salt Range within the region provides mineral resources, most notably the Khewra Salt Mine. Tourism is another important aspect, drawn to Taxila’s archaeological heritage and related historic sites.