Postsplenectomiás

Postsplenectomiás refers to the state of being after a splenectomy, which is the surgical removal of the spleen. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left abdomen that plays a role in the immune system, filtering blood and storing white blood cells. Following a splenectomy, individuals become more susceptible to certain types of infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria.

These bacteria, which have a polysaccharide capsule, are normally cleared from the bloodstream by a healthy spleen. Without a spleen, the body's ability to fight off these specific pathogens is significantly reduced. The most common and serious infections that patients are at risk for are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis.

To mitigate this risk, individuals who have undergone a splenectomy are typically advised to receive vaccinations against these bacteria. Regular booster shots may also be recommended. Prophylactic antibiotics may be prescribed, especially for young children or those with other risk factors. Patients are also educated about the signs and symptoms of infection and encouraged to seek prompt medical attention if they develop a fever or other signs of illness. This heightened awareness and preventive measures are crucial for managing the long-term health of individuals post-splenectomy.