PorphyryCuLagerstätten
PorphyryCuLagerstätten, commonly referred to in geology as porphyry copper deposits, are large, low-grade ore bodies organized around porphyritic intrusions and their associated hydrothermal systems. They host widespread disseminated copper sulfide minerals, primarily chalcopyrite, within extensive alteration halos that can cover substantial areas. These deposits are the world's most important source of copper by combined tonnage.
Geology and formation: Porphyry copper systems typically form at convergent plate margins linked to subduction. A
Mineralogy and alteration: The primary ore minerals are chalcopyrite and bornite, with lesser pyrite and molybdenite.
Economic significance: Grades are typically in the range of 0.3–1.0% copper but over very large tonnages, enabling
Examples: Notable porphyry copper deposits include Escondida and Chuquicamata in Chile, Morenci in the United States,
Exploration and mining: These deposit types require large-scale open-pit operations, advanced ore-processing facilities, and careful water