Polikondenzációval

Polikondenzációval is a chemical process that describes the formation of polymers through repeated condensation reactions between monomers. In a condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, with the loss of a small molecule, such as water or methanol, as a byproduct. This process is fundamentally different from addition polymerization, where monomers simply add to one another without the elimination of any byproducts.

The monomers involved in polycondensation typically contain at least two reactive functional groups. For example, a dicarboxylic acid can react with a diol to form a polyester, with the elimination of water. Similarly, a diamine can react with a dicarboxylic acid to form a polyamide, also releasing water. The rate of polycondensation can be influenced by factors such as temperature, concentration of reactants, and the presence of catalysts.

The molecular weight of the polymer formed through polycondensation is dependent on the extent of the reaction. High molecular weight polymers are achieved when the reaction goes to completion, meaning that most of the functional groups have reacted. This type of polymerization is widely used in the industrial production of various polymers, including polyesters like PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and polyamides like nylon. The small molecule byproduct can be removed from the reaction mixture, which drives the equilibrium towards polymer formation.