Poederbed

Poederbed, in the context of additive manufacturing, refers to the bed of loose powder that serves as both the material supply and the immediate build surface in powder bed fusion (PBF) processes. In these technologies, a laser or electron beam fuses selected regions of a powder layer according to a digital design, building parts layer by layer. The powder bed is created and maintained in a controlled environment to minimize oxidation and moisture uptake.

During printing, a recoater deposits a uniform layer of powder, typically a few tens of micrometers thick, on the build platform. The energy source fuses the powder in the desired pattern, after which the platform lowers by one layer thickness and a new layer of powder is applied. Unfused powder remains in the bed and is usually recycled for future builds.

Materials used in powder beds include polymer powders (for example PA12 and other nylons) and metal powders (such as stainless steel, titanium alloys, and aluminum alloys), as well as ceramic powders in some systems. Particle size, flow characteristics, and chemical stability influence processability and final part properties. Powder quality and handling are crucial for safety, performance, and reproducibility.

Post-processing typically follows printing and may include depowdering, heat treatment, surface finishing, and dimensional stabilization. Part properties such as density, porosity, and anisotropy can be influenced by process parameters and support structures.

Applications span aerospace, automotive, medical devices, and tooling, where complex geometries and lightweight parts are valuable. Safety and regulatory considerations apply due to fine powders, inhalation hazards, and the need for controlled environments and recycling practices.