Pleurodesisnál

Pleurodesis is a medical procedure used to treat recurrent pleural effusions or pneumothorax. It involves intentionally irritating the lining of the lungs, known as the pleura, to create inflammation and cause the two layers of the pleura to stick together. This adhesion, or fusion, of the pleural layers effectively obliterates the pleural space, preventing the buildup of fluid or air.

The procedure can be performed via two main methods: surgical pleurodesis and chemical pleurodesis. Surgical pleurodesis is typically done during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or an open thoracotomy. It involves mechanically abrading the pleural surfaces or excising a portion of the parietal pleura. Chemical pleurodesis involves introducing an irritant substance, such as talc, doxycycline, or bleomycin, into the pleural space through a chest tube. This substance triggers an inflammatory response, leading to pleural adhesion.

Indications for pleurodesis include malignant pleural effusions, symptomatic benign pleural effusions that do not respond to other treatments, and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. The goal is to alleviate symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain, and to prevent further recurrence of the effusion or pneumothorax. While generally effective, pleurodesis carries potential risks and complications, including pain, fever, infection, and persistent air leak. The choice of method and agent depends on the patient's condition and the underlying cause of the pleural abnormality.