Platanistidae

Platanistidae is a family of toothed whales belonging to the order Cetacea. The family currently contains only one extant species, the South Asian river dolphin, Platanista gangetica. Historically, the family was considered to include other river dolphin species, but these have since been reclassified into their own families. Platanistidae are characterized by their long, slender beaks, reduced eye lenses, and distinctive long dorsal fins.

The South Asian river dolphin inhabits the freshwater river systems of the Indian subcontinent, primarily the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus rivers. These dolphins are often found in turbid waters, which has contributed to their adaptations for echolocation. They are solitary or live in small groups and feed on fish, crustaceans, and other small aquatic animals. Their diet and habitat make them particularly vulnerable to human activities such as pollution, dam construction, and overfishing.

The genus Platanista is ancient, with fossil evidence dating back millions of years. The evolutionary history of Platanistidae is complex, and their relationship to other toothed whale lineages is a subject of ongoing research. Conservation efforts are crucial for the survival of the South Asian river dolphin, as it faces significant threats to its population. Its classification as the sole living member of Platanistidae highlights its unique evolutionary position and the need for its protection.