Plasmasytokinejä

Plasmasytokinejä, often referred to as cytokines in plasma, are signaling proteins that play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and cellular communication. These molecules are released by various cells, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and circulate in the bloodstream. They act locally or systemically to modulate a wide range of biological processes.

Cytokines are broadly categorized based on their functions. Some are pro-inflammatory, stimulating inflammation to combat infection or injury, while others are anti-inflammatory, helping to dampen excessive immune responses. Certain cytokines promote cell growth and differentiation, while others are involved in apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Their diverse actions are mediated by binding to specific receptors on target cells, triggering intracellular signaling cascades.

The presence and levels of specific plasma cytokines can serve as important biomarkers for various physiological and pathological conditions. Elevated levels of certain cytokines are associated with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as infections like sepsis. Conversely, their dysregulation can contribute to autoimmune disorders and cancer. Research into plasma cytokines continues to be a vital area for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutic strategies.