Pitágoras

Pitágoras was an ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, born on the island of Samos around 570 BCE. He is best known for the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. This theorem, often expressed as a² + b² = c², is a fundamental concept in Euclidean geometry.

Beyond his mathematical contributions, Pitágoras founded a philosophical and religious movement known as Pythagoreanism. The followers of this school, called Pythagoreans, believed in the transmigration of souls and the importance of a disciplined way of life. They also held that numbers were the fundamental principle of all things and that the universe was governed by numerical relationships. This led them to study music, astronomy, and other fields, seeking mathematical order in the cosmos.

The Pythagoreans were also known for their secretive nature and hierarchical structure. While much of what we know about Pitágoras comes from later accounts, his influence on subsequent philosophy and mathematics is undeniable. He is considered one of the most important figures in the development of Western thought, bridging the gap between early Greek philosophy and the more systematic approaches that followed. His teachings and discoveries continued to be studied and debated for centuries after his death.